What is Acne?
Acne is a prevalent skin condition characterised by spots and pimples on the skin, particularly on the face, back, and chest. It’s most common among teenagers during puberty but can affect people of all ages. Beyond its physical manifestations, acne can also have psychological impacts, affecting self-esteem and confidence.
Types of Acne
Acne can manifest in various forms, each with its own set of characteristics:
- Blackheads (open comedones): Small, dark spots that are open at the surface of the skin.
- Whiteheads (closed comedones): Firm spots with a white centre, closed beneath the skin’s surface.
- Papules: Small, red, raised bumps caused by inflamed or infected hair follicles.
- Pustules: Similar to papules but filled with pus.
- Nodules: Large, painful, solid lumps that are embedded deep within the skin.
- Cysts: Large, pus-filled lesions that can cause scars.
What Causes Acne?
Acne results from the overproduction of oil (sebum) in the skin, combined with a buildup of dead skin cells and the proliferation of acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes). Factors contributing to acne include hormonal changes, diet, stress, and certain medications. Genetics can also play a role in one’s susceptibility to acne.
Symptoms of Acne
Symptoms vary depending on the severity and type of acne but commonly include:
- Frequent breakouts
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Redness and irritation
- Painful, pus-filled cysts
- Scarring of the skin
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