Melasma

What is Melasma?

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark, discoloured patches, usually appearing on the face. These patches are typically brown or grey-brown and often occur on areas such as the cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin. Melasma can also develop on other parts of the body frequently exposed to the sun, such as the neck and forearms. While melasma is not harmful and does not cause physical discomfort, it can affect a person’s confidence and self-esteem due to its impact on appearance.

Causes of Melasma

The exact cause of melasma remains unclear, but it is believed to be triggered by a combination of factors, including:

• Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun stimulate the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Sun exposure is considered the primary trigger for melasma, especially in individuals with a predisposition to the condition.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during pregnancy (often referred to as “the mask of pregnancy” or chloasma), or due to the use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, can contribute to melasma development.
• Genetic Factors: A family history of melasma can increase the likelihood of developing the condition, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
• Skin Type: Melasma is more common in individuals with darker skin types, such as those of Hispanic, Asian, Middle Eastern, or Mediterranean descent.
• Cosmetic Products and Medications: Certain skincare products, medications, or treatments that irritate the skin can trigger melasma.

How Common is Melasma?

Melasma is a prevalent skin condition, affecting approximately 5 to 6 million people in the UK alone. It is particularly common among women, especially those with darker skin types, and is seen in up to 90% of cases in women. Although melasma can affect men, it is significantly less common. The condition can develop at any age, but it is most frequently diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 50.

Types of Melasma

Melasma can be categorised into three main types based on the depth of the pigment within the skin:

1. Epidermal Melasma: This type affects the outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) and is characterised by well-defined dark brown patches. Epidermal melasma typically responds well to treatment.
2. Dermal Melasma: In this type, the pigmentation extends deeper into the skin (the dermis) and appears as light brown or bluish-grey patches. Dermal melasma can be more challenging to treat, and results may vary.
3. Mixed Melasma: This is the most common type and includes characteristics of both epidermal and dermal melasma, presenting with patches of varying shades. Mixed melasma may require a combination of treatments for optimal results.

Treatments for Melasma at Pulse Light Clinic

At Pulse Light Clinic, we offer a range of advanced treatments designed to reduce the appearance of melasma and help restore an even skin tone:

Laser Treatments

Our clinic uses state-of-the-art laser technology, such as the PicoSure and Q-Switched lasers, to target melanin in the skin and break it down, reducing pigmentation without damaging the surrounding tissue. This method is highly effective for both epidermal and dermal melasma.